Understanding the Different Types of Hernia

Hernia operations are one of the most common procedures performed in this day and age. In the United States alone, an estimated one million hernia repairs are done annually. Found in varying types and severity, it can occur in anyone, including newborns and adults. Although specific types of hernias can disappear on their own when present in infants, their formation in those above the age of five requires thorough evaluation and a proper diagnosis by a doctor. This is because, despite causing few symptoms, hernias have the potential of developing into a severe condition if not treated properly. To help you better understand the different types of hernias and treatment options to repair them, we cover the basics for patients considering surgery for their hernias.

What is a Hernia?

Like most parts of our bodies, the abdominal area is also covered with layers of muscle and tissue that offer protection to the internal organs. When there is a gap in the muscular wall, a hernia might develop when the tissue held by the muscles pushes through the weak spot and forms a bulge. This soft lump can be caused by a variety of reasons such as genetic disposition, straining due to constipation, pregnancy, and other factors that might have led to the weakening of the muscular walls.

Signs and Symptoms of a Hernia

The most common indicator is the development of a bulge along the abdomen – belly or groin areas. The bulge is more noticeable when standing straight and tall but can be pushed back. It also vanishes when lying down. Beyond the abdominal bulge, mild pain or a dull aching sensation are common symptoms experienced by patients. However, it is important to note that it is completely normal for hernias to not show any symptoms, such as discomfort, at all.

Signs of a Hernia Emergency

For abdominal hernias, there is a possibility of the bowel protruding through the weak muscle defect. Though such instances are not common, immediate medical attention is required if it occurs. A painful, irreducible hernia lump is also a sign of a surgical emergency.

Common Types of Hernias

Before the doctor and patient can decide on the best course of treatment, a diagnosis of the type of hernia is required. There are many different types of hernias, each of which is dependent on the area of the body that is affected. Some of the common types include:

1. Inguinal Hernia

Inguinal hernia is also known as groin hernia. It is one of the most common types of hernias. Inguinal hernias account for at least 75% of all hernias. And it is estimated that 27% of men will develop groin hernia in their lifetime. Although it is more common in men, there is a high incidence of inguinal hernias in women as well.

2. Abdominal Hernia

Abdominal hernias can be present in several variants. Epigastric, ventral and umbilical hernias are usually in the midline of the abdomen. A Spigelian hernia, on the other hand, is usually in the lower half of the abdomen and on either side of the midline. The abdominal bulge is formed due to a weakened spot in the abdominal muscle wall.

3. Incisional Hernia

An incisional hernia is a type of hernia that occurs due to previous abdominal surgery. If the incision from the previous surgery did not heal properly, the weak spot in the abdominal muscle will allow the organs and tissues to push through. In such cases, a bulge can be seen around the incision scar. Research has also shown that incisional hernias can occur in 2 out of every 1,000 caesarean delivery cases. These are different from postpartum hernias, medically known as postpartum umbilical hernia, which occurs after giving birth.

How is a Hernia Treated?

Hernias typically do not go away without proper treatment. Therefore, even when the hernia is not causing any pain or discomfort, a doctor should be consulted. Oftentimes, the medical expert will recommend that the hernia be surgically repaired. But the appropriate hernia surgery and approach might differ based on the type of hernia and the symptoms experienced by the patient. Hernia specialists can perform the operation in a traditional open technique or via a laparoscopic approach. Hence, for an appropriate hernia treatment option, it is important to seek the advice of a hernia specialist.

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